Discover the Unique Cultures and Hidden Facts of the World’s Smallest Countries
Written by Kaelie Piscitello
Tucked away in the corners of the globe lie tiny nations with outsized personalities and histories that fascinate travelers. Imagine stepping into Vatican City—a mere 110 acres where just 800 residents live under the watchful gaze of art masterpieces. Just a short leap away in spirit, Monaco sparkles like a gem: a playground for the rich and famous and a tax haven where luxury meets high-octane thrills at the Monte Carlo Grand Prix.
Far across the oceans, the nation of Nauru, spanning only 8.1 square miles, once flourished on phosphate wealth. It offers a glimpse into the natural bounty and challenges of archipelago life. Nearby in the Pacific, Tuvalu’s chain of nine coral islands entices visitors with its remote, unspoiled beauty and resilient community spirit.
Finally, nestled in the rugged terrain of Italy, San Marino invites explorers to wander its ancient streets and admire the iconic Three Towers of Mount Titano. In these compact countries, every square mile overflows with history, culture, and the promise of unforgettable adventure.
Vatican City
The Vatican is famous as the Catholic capital of the world and has the smallest population and land. While thousands of people visit the Vatican every day, it only has a live population of 800 people. The Pope, acting as the head of state and the spiritual leader, makes the city a theocracy where religion and the government connect.
Similar to many smaller countries, the Vatican does not have a military and relies on the Swiss Guard for security. The Swiss have protected the Pope since 1506. Furthermore, this country does not take any taxes and depends on the contributions of Catholics worldwide, including publication sales and donations.
This UNESCO World Heritage site has a postal service known for its efficiency and good timing. Many people enjoy collecting Vatican stamps. It also has one of the richest collections of art, including access to Michelangelo’s work in the Sistine Chapel and Raphael’s Frescoes.
Monaco
Monaco is so tiny that Central Park has more land than it! However, despite its small size, it is one of the most densely populated nations in the world, with over 25,000 people living there.
Fans of royals will love to know Prince Albert II rules Monaco, making it a principality. The Grimaldi family has ruled Monaco for over 700 years. In addition to its wealthy rulers, Monaco has one of the highest GDP per capita in the entire world, making it a desirable destination for the wealthy.
In general, the world thinks of Monaco as a “playground” for the rich and famous. Billionaires, movie stars, and royalty vacation there for the luxurious life it offers and favorable taxes. Furthermore, Monaco does not impose personal income taxes, so many celebrities will stay there as a tax haven.
In addition to its rich background, Monaco also has a famous casino called Casino de Monte-Carlo that brings people to gamble and relax. It also has a well-known car racing event in Monte Carlo: the Monaco Grand Prix. Famous race car drivers come to compete here every year.
Nauru
People know Nauru as the world’s smallest island country and not too much else. It covers 8.1 square miles and is on the coast of northeast Australia. It only has 10,000 people, making one of the smallest countries by size and population. It does not have any railroads, and it consists of few roads.
Nuaru does not have its military and instead receives help from Australia due to its agreement to assist with defense in case of need. It also does not have its own police force. Community policing and local leadership handle all safety concerns.
Nauru is a coral island, so there is little space for agriculture. Its coral reef greatly supports local fishermen. The economy centers around a supply of phosphate, and it used to be one of the wealthiest countries in the Pacific because of this trade. However, its wealth has depleted over the years due to the shrinking amounts of phosphate left. As a result, the island relies on foreign aid and agreements to sustain other parts of the economy.
Tuvalu
Tuvalu only stretches 10 square miles wide. This chain of nine islands in the Pacific Ocean nestles between Hawaii and Australia and is one of the lowest-lying countries in the world. The low land makes this 11,000-person nation vulnerable to rising sea levels caused by climate change.
Furthermore, because the islands consist of coral reefs and atolls, the civilization does not have much space for architecture. As a result, the country must rely on international imports and trade agreements for water and food.
Tuvalu does not have much tourism, but a few people visit each year for its remote location, unspoiled natural beauty, and unique culture. Its culture has roots in Polynesian history, and its music and dance contribute to its national identity.
San Marino
San Marino claims itself as the oldest continuous republic, with a settlement date of 301 AD. Christian Stonemason founded it when he sought refuge from religious persecution. When tourists visit, they love to see the Three Towers of San Marino on Mount Titano.
San Marino’s government has two captains regent serving as joint heads of state for six-month terms. The country’s legislature elects them, and the nation relies on Italy for defense. They also have a voluntary military for ceremonial purposes.
San Marino uses the Euro despite not participating in the European Union, and its official language is Italian. While this 34,000-person nation shares cultural ties with Italy, it has its own distinct identity.
